Magnesium deficiency can reduce exercise performance and contribute to muscle cramps, but sub-optimal intake does not appear to be a problem among most groups of athletes.1, 2 Controlled trials suggest that magnesium supplementation might improve some aspects of physiology important to sports performance in some athletes,3, 4 but controlled and double-blind trials focusing on performance benefits of 212 to 500 mg per day of magnesium have been inconsistent.5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 It is possible that magnesium supplementation benefits only those who are deficient or who are not highly trained athletes. 11, 12